#Equivalent of photo gallery mac iso

Using image noise as an illustration, consider the above example of the full-frame camera compared to the mobile phone. In principle, the larger format can only provide a significant step-up in IQ when utilizing its extra photographic capability, i.e., when equivalent settings do not exist on the smaller format. Fundamental aspects of IQ such as total image noise will then be of the same order of magnitude (i.e., roughly the same) remaining differences in IQ will only depend upon underlying differences in the lens and camera technology used by the camera models being compared as when comparing different models based on the same format. This paper argues that IQ metrics should instead be compared using equivalent camera settings so that each format produces equivalent photos and receives the same amount of light. Although image quality (IQ) metrics are typically calculated using the same exposure settings irrespective of the sensor format, such practice is inappropriate because the same exposure settings on different formats do not yield photos with the same appearance characteristics, i.e., equivalent photos. or micro four thirds formats if the additional photographic capability of a larger format such as APS-C or 35-mm full-frame will rarely be utilized in practice.ģ. For example, a travel photographer may opt to choose a lighter and smaller overall camera system based on the 1 in. The equivalent settings on an APS-C camera are f = 20 mm, N = 5.5, and S = 777.Ĭonsequently, equivalence theory can be used to help choose an appropriate camera system for a given task.

#Equivalent of photo gallery mac iso

Furthermore, if ISO settings lower than S = 1818 are used on the full-frame camera, the mobile phone will be unable to provide a sufficiently long exposure duration (shutter speed) to produce an equivalent photo. According to equivalence theory, the shallowest DoF that the mobile phone is capable of producing corresponds to using N = 8.4 on the full-frame camera. If the lowest available f-number is N = 1.4 and the lowest available ISO setting is S = 50, the equivalent settings on a full-frame camera are f = 30 mm, N = 8.4, and S = 1818.

Therefore, equivalence theory can be used to determine the maximum photographic capability of a smaller format in relation to a larger one.Īs an extreme example, consider a mobile phone with a tiny 1/2.5 in. When this additional capability is utilized, the smaller format will be unable to produce an equivalent photo. This offers additional photographic capability such as a shallower possible DoF (for the same perspective, AFoV and shutter speed). However, a larger format has the capability of collecting more light than a smaller format. Equivalent photos are produced using the same amount of light. According to equivalence theory, in order to obtain an equivalent photo using an APS-C camera, the equivalent settings are f = 16 mm, N = 1.8, and S = 342.Ģ. Nowadays many photographers use several cameras based on different format sizes and need a framework for translating camera settings from one format to another.įor example, consider a focal length f = 24 mm, f-number N = 2.8, and ISO setting S = 800 on a full-frame camera. 1 – 4 This leads to the concept of “equivalent photos,” which is important for three main reasons:ġ. Along with the same AFoV from equivalent focal lengths, it is also possible to determine “equivalent f-numbers” and “equivalent ISO settings,” which together yield the same depth-of-field (DoF) and same shutter speed (exposure duration) on different formats. The above equivalence concept can be extended further. This concept is useful for photographers who are now using a smaller camera format but are historically familiar with the way in which 35-mm full-frame format focal lengths relate to the expected AFoV. For example, a 16-mm focal length on the APS-C format has a 35-mm full-frame equivalent focal length of 24 mm. Many photographers are familiar with the term “35-mm full-frame equivalent focal length.” For a given lens focal length on a given camera format, this is the value of the focal length on the 35-mm full-frame format that would yield the same angular field-of-view (AFoV) when taking a photo from the same position (i.e., the same perspective). 9 Appendix C: Derivation of the DoF Formulae.7 Appendix A: Derivation of the AFoV Formula.2.7.1 Focus set at any chosen object-plane distance.

2.6 Same Lightness: Equivalent ISO Settings.

2.4 Same Depth-of-Field: Equivalent f-Numbers.

2.2.1 Working equivalence ratio: practical expressions.

2.2 Same Framing: Equivalent Focal Lengths.