alternative balanced equation for the cracking of decane

Interpret data from a life cycle assessment of a material or product.Describe the basic principles in carrying out a life cycle assessment of a material or product.4.8.2 Resources of materials and energy.4.8 Guiding Spaceship Earth towards a sustainable future.(HT) Explain why a particular reaction pathway is chosen to produce a specified product given appropriate data such as atom economy (if not calculated), yield, rate, equilibrium position and usefulness of by-products.Students should be able to: calculate the atom economy of a reaction to form a desired product from the balanced equation.The percentage atom economy of a reaction is calculated using the balanced equation for the reaction as follows: (relative formula mass of desired product / relative formula mass of all reactants) x 100.It is important for sustainable development and for economic reasons to use reactions with high atom economy.The atom economy (atom utilisation) is a measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products.4.3.3 Yield and atom economy of chemical reactions.Life cycle assessments (LCAs) are carried out to assess the environmental impact of products in each of these stages: extracting and processing raw materials, manufacturing and packaging, use and operation during its lifetime, disposal at the end….4.10.2 Life cycle assessment and recycling.understand, in terms of the use of energy and resources over the life cycle of polymer products, that chemists can contribute to the more sustainable use of materials be able to calculate percentage yields and percentage atom economies using chemical equations and experimental results: Atom economy of a reaction = (molar mass of the desired product / sum of the molar masses of all the products) x100% Topic 5: Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance.j) the benefits for sustainability of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy.h) calculations to determine: the percentage yield of a reaction or related quantities, the atom economy of a reaction.

Economic, ethical and environmental advantages for society and for industry of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy.

Percentage atom economy is: (molecular mass of desired product / sum of molecular masses of all reactants) x 100.

Balanced equations and associated calculations.

Calculate the atom economy of a reaction.

MS 0.2 Use ratios, fractions and percentages.6.1 Arithmetic and numerical computation.Mathematical requirements and exemplifications.RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme.Introductory maths for higher education.The physics of restoration and conservation.Reorganisation of these leads to the various products of the reaction. Ions like this are called carbonium ions (or carbocations). That leaves the carbon atom with a positive charge. The zeolite catalyst has sites which can remove a hydrogen from an alkane together with the two electrons which bound it to the carbon. It also produces high proportions of branched alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene. The zeolites used in catalytic cracking are chosen to give high percentages of hydrocarbons with between 5 and 10 carbon atoms - particularly useful for petrol (gasoline). The alkane is brought into contact with the catalyst at a temperature of about 500 ☌ and moderately low pressures. You may have come across a zeolite if you know about ion exchange resins used in water softeners. They are, of course, associated with positive ions such as sodium ions. These are complex aluminosilicates, and are large lattices of aluminium, silicon and oxygen atoms carrying a negative charge. Modern cracking uses zeolites as the catalyst. The octane is one of the molecules found in petrol (gasoline). The ethene and propene are important materials for making plastics or producing other organic chemicals. This is only one way in which this particular molecule might break up. Or, showing more clearly what happens to the various atoms and bonds:

Alternative balanced equation for the cracking of decane